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Primary - GOVERNING NEW FRANCE

Secodary - THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATOR

Tertiary - THE SPIRITUAL LEADER

Quaternary - THE SEIGNEURS

With royal officials in control, New France became more than a fur-trade outpost. French women arrived in large numbers, and farms and families flourished.

King Louis XIV and his chief minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert gave New France a government similar to that of a French province. In New France — unlike France — there were no powerful local leaders to compete with the royal administration.

On paper, New France was a model of absolutist rule. But in practice, colonists enjoyed more prosperity and independence than their counterparts in France.

Three officials, the governor general, the intendant and the bishop of Québec, administered the colony on the king’s behalf. All three served on the sovereign council — the colony’s highest court.

To encourage settlement, the government rewarded prominent subjects with large land grants. These new seigneurs, or lords, granted portions of their lands to settlers, called habitants, in return for annual payments. The government also offered habitants incentives to marry and start families.

The governor general was the highest-ranking official in New France. His palace, the Château Saint-Louis, was the colony’s social centre. His main responsibilities were the colony’s defence and managing relations with First Nations.

The intendant managed the colony’s internal affairs, including justice, currency, finance, agriculture and trade. The office was as powerful as the governor general’s, but not as prestigious.

The Church functioned as an arm of the state, running schools, hospitals and charities. The bishop sometimes disagreed with civil officials and with habitants who resisted religious taxes, or tithes.

New France’s system of land ownership rewarded loyalty and encouraged settlement. The first seigneurial grant, to surgeon Robert Giffard in 1634, was awarded in Beauport, near Québec City. Later grantees included military officers, civil servants and religious institutions. In theory, annual fees from habitants would support the seigneur. In practice, the fees, paid in cash or in kind, were very modest. In the 1600s, some seigneurs were not much better off than their habitants.

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Featured

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Including and welcoming people with disabilities in all aspects of our organization is a top priority for the Museums. We are committed to improving accessibility by implementing this accessibility plan over the next three years. We are also dedicated to continuing the work of examining our practices, policies and operations to find and address barriers to accessibility. We understand that accessibility is an ongoing process, and we are committed to engaging in that process through consultations with people with disabilities.

Accessibility Plan
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Featured Module - Manual 2

The Canadian Museum of History is a Crown corporation as defined and established by the Museums Act. The corporation oversees the operation of three museums: the Canadian Museum of History, the Canadian War Museum and the Virtual Museum of New France. The corporation’s overall mandate is to enhance Canadians’ knowledge, understanding and appreciation of events, experiences, people and objects that reflect and have shaped Canada’s history and identity, and also to enhance their awareness of world history and cultures.

Governance
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The Canadian History Hall

The Canadian History Hall is one of the most popular spaces inside the Canadian Museum.

Ongoing Exhibition 2
The Canadian Museum of History, located in Ottawa, is home to numerous exhibits.

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First Peoples Hall

Ongoing Exhibition 1
A room with a woman flying in the air at the Canadian Museum of History.

The Canadian History Hall

The Canadian History Hall is one of the most popular spaces inside the Canadian Museum.

Ongoing Exhibition 2
The Canadian Museum of History, located in Ottawa, is home to numerous exhibits.

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Stylized Content Module - Accessibility Plan

Including and welcoming people with disabilities in all aspects of our organization is a top priority for the Museums. We are committed to improving accessibility by implementing this accessibility plan over the next three years. We are also dedicated to continuing the work of examining our practices and policies.

Accessibility Plan

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Dates & Times

Friday June 2nd, 2023 English 9:30 am - 3:30 pm
French 9:30 am - 3:30 pm
Friday June 2nd, 2023 English 9:30 am - 3:30 pm
French 9:30 am - 3:30 pm

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En passant par les trois côtes du pays, les équipes de Canadiens de diverses origines de cette expédition ont parcouru plus de 25 000 km, ont visité diverses communautés, des parcs nationaux, des aires marines protégées et plusieurs autres endroits extraordinaires et coins isolés de notre pays, et ce, tout en découvrant et en partageant des récits touchants sur les gens, les lieux, la faune, l’histoire et les cultures qui forment notre vaste et riche pays – une communauté de communautés.

Copy – Enjoy Reading Your Kudos! Newsletter – Summer 2023 (SH)
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CINÉ+ films

Visit the CINÉ+

Larger-than-life images and enlightening documentary films will sweep you away!

See what’s on
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Canadian Children’s Museum

For kids and families

A visit to the Children’s Museum allows kids to travel the world, enrich their lives, and broaden their horizons as they explore other cultures.

Play at the Children’s Museum
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Exhibitions

Step into history

Find out about the many exhibitions that have been designed to educate, inspire and intrigue you.

Explore what’s on view
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Collections

Discover the collections

Our online collections of objects and archives will stimulate your curiosity and give you in-depth knowledge of Canada’s history.

Search the collections
The Canadian Museum of History in Ottawa boasts an impressive collection of items on display.

Plan your visit

Visit the Museum

Planning a visit to the Museum in Gatineau? Here is everything you need to know about hours, admission fees, visitor services, and more.

Plan your visit
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Events

Explore our events

Activities, tours, and special experiences that are enjoyable and inspiring.

Discover what’s on
A group of Native American dancers performing at the Canadian Museum of History in Ottawa.
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Image Caption – Canada C3

Venez vivre l’expédition Canada C3 grâce à ce film inspirant, qui retrace le voyage marquant de 150 jours de Toronto jusqu’à Victoria par le passage du Nord-Ouest d’un brise-glace en 2017.

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Photo: Courtesy of Jane Goodall

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Drawing on decades of work by the world’s most famous living ethologist and environmentalist, Jane Goodall – Reasons for Hope is an uplifting journey around the globe to highlight good news stories that will inspire viewers to make a difference in the world around them.

Featured stories — such as the worldwide-recognized Sudbury regreening story, the re-introduction of the American bison by the Blackfeet Nation, the northern bald ibis’ migration over the Alps, and inspiring youth-led initiatives involved in Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots — are accompanied by historic footage of Jane’s beginnings as a chimpanzee researcher.

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Wherever you may be, dive into the history of this country with travelling exhibitions from the Canadian Museum of History and the Canadian War Museum. Each year, this well-established program and its expert staff invite museums from across Canada, and around the world, to take their visitors on a journey through time.

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Explore the enduring mystery behind Sir John Franklin’s tragic expedition. Leaving Britain in 1845 to chart the Northwest Passage through the Arctic, the expedition’s two ships and 129 men never returned. Through historical artifacts and Inuit oral history, this groundbreaking exhibition provides the most comprehensive account to date of Franklin’s final voyage.

An exhibition developed by the Canadian Museum of History (Gatineau, Canada), in partnership with Parks Canada Agency and with the National Maritime Museum (London, United Kingdom), and in collaboration with the Government of Nunavut and the Inuit Heritage Trust.

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The rascals [the British] have been bullying us these ten years, and I am glad the time has come when we can have satisfaction.

Commodore John Rodgers, United States Navy, 21 June 1812

And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave, O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

Francis Scott Key, American lawyer and poet, 1814

Certainly we won [the War of 1812]. Because if we hadn’t, we’d be using loonies and toonies instead of dollar bills, wouldn’t we?

Site manager, Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site, United States, as quoted in “The War of 1812 Revisited,” National Post, 27 September 2007

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Whether you choose an exhibition with artifacts, or one without, the wide array of available exhibitions can be adapted to just about any host institution. Modular and bilingual, our exhibitions generally include a detailed installation manual, a guide for interpretive programming and promotional tools.

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Featured stories — such as the worldwide-recognized Sudbury regreening story, the re-introduction of the American bison by the Blackfeet Nation, the northern bald ibis’ migration over the Alps, and inspiring youth-led initiatives involved in Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots — are accompanied by historic footage of Jane’s beginnings as a chimpanzee researcher.

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Column Three

From start to finish, the film reinforces the four reasons for hope, according to Jane, to foster tremendous optimism for the future: the amazing human intellect, the resilience of nature, the power and dedication of young people, and the indomitable human spirit.

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Museums assistance program

The Exhibition Circulation Fund provides support towards the borrowing fees for travelling exhibitions. Applications are accepted throughout the year.

Travelling exhibitions

Download our brochure for information on available and upcoming travelling exhibitions.

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A man and a girl looking at a display at the Canadian Museum of History in Ottawa.
A man and a girl looking at a display at the Canadian Museum of History in Ottawa.

Our exhibitions

Our programming abounds in discovery, thanks to the outstanding travelling exhibitions offered by the Canadian Museum of History and the Canadian War Museum.

Exploring the suspension of civil liberties in Canada during the First World War, the Second World War and the 1970 October Crisis, Lost Liberties – The War Measures Act sheds an unpublished and poignant light on the enduring impact of the Act on Canada and its people.

The Ones We Met highlights the importance of traditional Inuit knowledge in determining the fate of the Franklin Expedition. Relive key moments in Canadian history through the exhibition Snapshots of Canada.

Munnings – The War Years explores battlefield realities of the First World War in oil paintings and sketches featuring equestrian scenes, landscapes, and portraits. The Wounded presents black-and-white portraits of 18 Canadian soldiers who served in Afghanistan, sharing stories of loss, recovery, and hope.

No matter where you live, our Museums come to you, helping you get to know more about our shared past.

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Exploring the suspension of civil liberties in Canada during the First World War, the Second World War and the 1970 October Crisis, Lost Liberties – The War Measures Act sheds an unpublished and poignant light on the enduring impact of the Act on Canada and its people.

The Ones We Met highlights the importance of traditional Inuit knowledge in determining the fate of the Franklin Expedition. Relive key moments in Canadian history through the exhibition Snapshots of Canada.

Munnings – The War Years explores battlefield realities of the First World War in oil paintings and sketches featuring equestrian scenes, landscapes, and portraits. The Wounded presents black-and-white portraits of 18 Canadian soldiers who served in Afghanistan, sharing stories of loss, recovery, and hope.

No matter where you live, our Museums come to you, helping you get to know more about our shared past.


Un pays défendu par des hommes libres, enthousiastes à l’idée de se consacrer à la cause de leur Roi et de la Constitution, ne peut jamais être conquis.”

Isaac Brock, général britannique, 1812

Le moral des Américains était très haut et, lorsque j’ai dit que j’étais Canadien, l’un des officiers s’est mis à rire et m’a dit : ‘’ Vous serez bientôt régis par le gouvernement américain, mon garço”

Jacob Cline, 13 ans, Canadien, 1813

Juin 2012 marquera le 200e anniversaire de la déclaration de la guerre de 1812, une guerre où les Autochtones, des milices locales, des milices de volontaires et des régiments formés de francophones e”

Le premier ministre du Canada, Stephen Harper, dans le message du premier ministre, « La guerre de 1812 – La lutte pour le Canada », le 18 juin 2011

Le gouvernement du Roi... [m’a], de manière non équivoque, exprimé son désir de préserver la paix avec les États-Unis afin qu’il puisse, de manière constante, poursuivre, avec toutes les forces dont i”

George Prevost, Britannique, gouverneur général du Canada, 1812

Video Module

About the Canadian Museum of History

This welcome video introduces the Museum’s collection and offers a land acknowledgement.

About the Canadian Museum of History

This welcome video introduces the Museum’s collection and offers a land acknowledgement.

Testimonial

The stories are sometimes poignant, sometimes tragic, sometimes hopeful. All of them are compelling.”

Caroline Dromaguet, Director General, Canadian War Museum

Certains récits sont poignants, d’autres, tragiques ou porteurs d’espoir. Mais aucun ne laisse indifférent.”

Caroline Dromaguet, Directrice générale, Musée canadien de la guerre

Le moral des Américains était très haut et, lorsque j’ai dit que j’étais Canadien, l’un des officiers s’est mis à rire et m’a dit : ‘’ Vous serez bientôt régis par le gouvernement américain, mon garçon. ‘‘ J’étais assez frondeur, comme la plupart des garçons de mon âge, et je lui ai répondu : ‘‘ Je ne suis pas très certain de cela ‘‘.”

Jacob Cline, 13 ans, Canadien, 1813

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While the British Army defended Canada, the Royal Navy sought to force the United States to end the war by blockading the American coast and conducting amphibious raids.

Halifax, Nova Scotia provided an essential base of operations for the Royal Navy in North American waters.

The United States could not defeat Britain in North America without capturing Quebec City.

In 1812, Britain sought to defend Canada without compromising its war against Napoleonic France.

When the British look back at the early nineteenth century, they remember the Napoleonic Wars, not the War of 1812. To support the war with France, the British forced sailors from American ships to join the Royal Navy and attempted to control American trade with French-occupied Europe. When the United States responded by declaring war, Britain defended Canada and blockaded American ports, but never lost sight of its primary goal: defeating Napoleon.

The King’s government … [has] most unequivocally expressed to me their desire to preserve peace with the United States, that they might, uninterrupted, pursue with the whole disposable force of the country, the great[er] interest in Europe.
George Prevost, British, Governor General of Canada, 1812

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